Art vendor in Manhattan. Image Credit: CityLaw

Parks’ rules limited where vendors of expressive material could sell their wares in City parks. The Parks Department adopted “Expressive Matter Vending Rules” which restricted the sale of “materials or objects with expressive content, such as newspapers, books, or writings, or visual art such as paintings, prints, photography, or sculpture.” The new rules limited the sale of expressive materials to 100 specifically designated spots in Union Square Park, Battery Park, High Line Park, and Central Park. The spots would be available on a first-come, first-serve basis with only one vendor per spot. (more…)

Artists asked federal court to prevent Parks’ expressive-matter vending rules from taking effect. The Department of Parks and Recreation promulgated rules restricting where art and book vendors could sell their wares, also known as “expressive matter.” Among other things, the rules limited the locations where expressive matter display stands could be placed in Battery Park, Union Square, the High Line, and parts of Central Park. Shortly after the rules were published, two groups of artists filed lawsuits in federal court and requested preliminary injunctions prohibiting the rules from taking effect.

District Judge Richard J. Sullivan denied the requests, ruling that the artists were not likely to succeed in proving that the rules violated their First or Fourteenth Amendment rights. Judge Sullivan explained that the rules appeared to be content-neutral restrictions narrowly tailored to advance a significant government interest. The artists argued that the rules were not content neutral because they treated expressive-matter vendors differently than other vendors, but Judge Sullivan pointed out that the rules did not express an opinion on the content of the items being sold, and that Parks’ regulatory scheme seemed to favor expressive matter vendors over other vendors. (more…)

Image credit: New York City Council.

The new bill releases 4,000 new street vendor permits over the course of ten years. On January 28, 2021, the City Council voted to approve Int 1116-B, which provides significant changes to the street vendor system. Prior to the legislation, the number of street vendor permits had been capped at 3,000 since 1983. Given the high demand for permits, limiting the number of permits opened an illegal market for renting out permits. Int 1116-B, sponsored by Council Member Margaret Chin, was created to address these issues by releasing more permits and creating more oversight.  (more…)

The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image Credit: Google Maps

Street vendors congregated on sidewalk in front of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Five disabled veterans regularly operated their sidewalk vending businesses outside the Metropolitan Museum of Art. City Parks Enforcement Patrol officers, between 2011 and 2013, issued the vendors 298 summonses for “failure to comply with orders to relocate their vending carts.” The officers claimed that the vendors set up their carts approximately twenty feet from the curb when the State statute limits the vendors to three feet from the curb. The officers claimed that the vendors refused to move back to the curb. (more…)

Sodium warning label. Image Credit:

In the twentieth century, primary causes of death and disability in America changed from communicable diseases to chronic diseases. This shift was in part due to the successes of public health as better sanitary conditions and immunizations reduced the burden of communicable diseases.  The shift, however, was also due to changes in lifestyle and longer life expectancies that caused the rates of chronic diseases to increase. (more…)